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Biological Filters

Biological Filters

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Description

A biological filter consists of a body of media (retained within a tank), over which the wastewater stream is uniformly and intermittently spread by means of a rotating distributor and collected, following percolation through the media or filter bed by a series of underdrains. Although referred to as a filter the media, which may be random or structured, is used solely to support the biological film, which, as with a rotating biological contactor is the equivalent of the biomass in an activated sludge plant.

Originally mineral based, the media now tends to be plastic and is designed to have a large surface area to support the maximum biological population and maximum voidage to permit the free flow of air through the media. Atmospheric air is used to supply the necessary oxygen for biological respiration though occasionally forced ventilation is utilised.

As with any fixed film reactor excess biomass (the equivalent of surplus sludge in an activated sludge plant) is continually sloughed from the support media (humus) and treated effluent must therefore always discharge to a secondary clarifier to settle entrained solids prior to the discharge of final effluent from the plant.

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